Timeline

Follow the journey of Comet 3I/ATLAS from its discovery through its passage of our solar system. Track key events, observations, and scientific milestones.

Mission Progress
Current status of 3I/ATLAS observation campaign
Discovery to Departure24% Complete
Discovery by ATLAS
July 1, 2025
completed

Comet 3I/ATLAS discovered by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) in Chile.

Key Details:

  • First detected as a fast-moving object with unusual trajectory
  • Initial magnitude approximately 13.2
  • Designated as potentially interstellar based on orbital characteristics
Interstellar Origin Confirmed
July 15, 2025
completed

Orbital analysis confirms 3I/ATLAS as the third confirmed interstellar object.

Key Details:

  • Hyperbolic orbit with eccentricity e ≈ 6.3 confirmed
  • Velocity relative to Sun: ~58 km/s
  • Trajectory indicates origin from Milky Way thick disk
First Detailed Observations
August 10, 2025
completed

Gemini North and other major observatories begin systematic observations.

Key Details:

  • Spectroscopic analysis reveals CO₂-dominated coma
  • Nucleus size estimated between 0.32-5.6 km
  • No significant water ice detection in early observations
Activity Increase Detected
September 15, 2025
completed

Comet shows increased activity as it approaches the Sun, developing visible coma.

Key Details:

  • Magnitude brightened to ~12.5
  • Coma diameter increased to ~30 arcseconds
  • Possible green coloration detected in some images
Perihelion Passage
October 29, 2025
upcoming

3I/ATLAS reaches its closest point to the Sun at 1.36 AU.

Key Details:

  • Closest approach to Sun: 1.36 AU
  • Expected maximum activity and brightness
  • Optimal period for spectroscopic studies begins
Maximum Brightness
November 15, 2025
upcoming

Comet reaches peak apparent magnitude, estimated around 11.5-12.0.

Key Details:

  • Peak magnitude expected: 11.5-12.0
  • Best photographic opportunities
  • Tail development may be visible
Closest Approach to Earth
December 19, 2025
upcoming

3I/ATLAS makes its closest approach to Earth at 1.8 AU (270 million km).

Key Details:

  • Minimum distance: 1.8 AU (270 million km)
  • Best observing geometry for detailed studies
  • Optimal time for amateur observations
Departure Phase
March 1, 2026
upcoming

Comet begins to fade as it moves away from the inner solar system.

Key Details:

  • Activity decreases as distance from Sun increases
  • Magnitude drops below 13.0
  • Last opportunities for detailed observations
Final Observations
June 1, 2026
upcoming

Last observations before 3I/ATLAS becomes too faint for most telescopes.

Key Details:

  • Magnitude drops below 14.0
  • Only large telescopes can track the comet
  • End of amateur observation period
About This Timeline

This timeline tracks the key events in the observation and study of Comet 3I/ATLAS. Dates marked as "upcoming" are predictions based on current orbital calculations and may be updated as new data becomes available.

Sources include official announcements from space agencies, peer-reviewed research, and observations from professional and amateur astronomers worldwide.